INTRODUCTION Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is commonly used in the manufacturing process to release synthesized peptides from solid-phase resins. TFA or acetate is also used during reversed-phase HPLC purification of peptides. TFA is manufactured using acetate and fluoride as precursors, and residual levels of these compounds may be present whenever TFA is used. Residual TFA, fluoride, and, to a m...

Laccases belong to the group of phenol oxidizes and constitute one of the most promising classes of enzymes for future use in various fields. For industrial and biotechnological purposes, laccases were among the first enzymes providing larger-scale applications such as removal of polyphenols or conversion of toxic compounds. The wood-degrading basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor C-139, reported in t...

The prevalence of caries among toddlers in Indonesia was about 81.5%. type that often occurs Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC a condition where there one or more tooth decay, the main cause consuming milk sugary drinks using bottle until fall asleep too which not balanced by oral hygiene maintenances. could be prevented treatment topical application fluor. One preventive agents for fluor Silve...

A new easy-to-synthesize chemosensor, 3,3'-bis(indolyl)-4-chlorophenylmethane (hereafter S), was designed, synthesized and employed as a selective optical chemosensor for fluoride ions.(1)H NMR and density functional studies on the system have been carried out to determine the nature of the interaction between S and X(-) (X = inorganic anions) responsible for the significant fluoride-induced ch...

Information on the position of all five 5d levels of Ce in 17 different fluoride compounds has been collected. A model involving the polarizability of the fluoride ions, originally suggested by Morrison @J. Chem. Phys. 72, 1001 ~1980!#, is used to calculate the so-called spectroscopic polarizability asp from the observed average energy of the 5d configuration. It will be compared with actual in...