there have been a lot of debates between law authors about formation of valid sale contract to the building while constructing for a long time. after enactment of forward sale act in 1389 forward sale building during construction process accepted. however some facts were not answered clearly when the transferring of ownership will be happened: through official forward sale contract or transferr...

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In this paper, we propose a new model for designing integrated forward/reverse logistics based on pricing policy in direct and indirect sales channel. The proposed model includes producers, disposal center, distributers and final customers. We assumed that the location of final customers is fixed. First, a deterministic mixed integer linear programming model is developed for integrated logistic...

This paper proposes an agent-based computational model of the Italian wholesale electricity market where Generation Companies (GenCos) sign forward contracts and then accordingly submit bids in a Day-Ahead spot Market (DAM). The DAM clearing mechanism considers realistic physical constraints of the Italian high-voltage transmission network, thus determining realistic zonal market prices. The gl...

today manufacturing contract has a special place in the big and small transaction. the subject of manufacturing contract is the made of goods that manufacturer has recommended to maker with determining of attributes and characterizes with preparation primary materials to make it in a specified time and shall delivered to manufacturer. manufacturing contract in fourth school of religious jurispr...

Auctions provide efficient price discovery mechanism for sellers. Auctions are being used for sale of variety of objects. In last few years auction based protocols are widely used in electronic commerce. Auction based systems have been developed for electronic procurement. In this paper we propose system for electronic commerce transactions, which can support electronic procurement as well as h...

There are many kinds of automobile after-sale service spare parts, which are with a complex relationship in replacement and a large time span in models. The management of automobile after-sale service spare parts is a challenge, not only for automobile manufacturer but also for distributor. Therefore, it becomes an important and difficult task for automobile enterprises to do well in the supply...