there are rare references to professional training in mesopotamian sources mainly because this used to be done in the family, from father to son. nevertheless, there are some 35 apprenticeship contracts from the neo-babylonian period which open a unique window to the social, legal and economic aspects of professional training. the present article edits and translates 3 such apprenticeship contr...

The natural environment is in a state of constant flux and living organisms are perpetually challenged to adapt to these changes. Yet the mechanisms of adaptation, which lead to the development of new characteristics or behaviours, have troubled philosophers and scientists since the days of ancient Greece. In fact, it was not until 1859, when Charles Darwin (1809– 1882) published The Origin of ...

Exposing male mice to nicotine or cocaine enables their male offspring to cope with high doses of either, which suggests that such paternal effects are generic, rather than being a response to a specific type of stress.

Pelger-Huet anomaly is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by pince-nez appearance of the nuclei of the neutrophils. This is caused by failure of nuclear segmentation due to genetic defect in the LBR (laminin B-receptor) on the chromosome 1q41-43. Heterozygotes have dumbbell-shaped or hyposegmented neutrophils with coarse chromatin and normal granules. Homozygotes have neutrophils ...

Reality therapy is a particular approach in adolescent development and independence that repeatedly emphasized on the disagreeable relationships and self-control to encourage personal growth. Unfortunately, we could not find any study in the context of effectiveness of training reality therapy concepts on parent-child conflicts and self-efficacy. Therefore, this study were done with the purpose...