Study cost remains the major limiting factor for genome-wide association studies due to the necessity of genotyping a large number of SNPs for a large number of subjects. Both DNA pooling strategies and two-stage designs have been proposed to reduce genotyping costs. In this study, we propose a cost-effective, two-stage approach with a DNA pooling strategy. During stage I, all markers are evalu...

Genetic association studies offer an opportunity to find genetic variants underlying complex human diseases. Various tests have been developed to improve their power. However, none of these tests is uniformly best and it is usually unclear at the outset what test is best for a specific dataset. For example, Hotelling's T2 test is best for normally distributed data, but it can lose considerable ...

the location-routing problem is a relatively new branch of logistics system. its objective is to determine a suitable location for constructing distribution warehouses and proper transportation routing from warehouse to the customer. in this study, the location-routing problem is investigated with considering fuzzy servicing time window for each customer. another important issue in this regard ...

in this note the notion of interval-valued fuzzy b-algebras (briefly,i-v fuzzy b-algebras), the level and strong level b-subalgebra is introduced.then we state and prove some theorems which determine the relationshipbetween these notions and b-subalgebras. the images and inverse images ofi-v fuzzy b-subalgebras are defined, and how the homomorphic images andinverse images of i-v fuzzy b-subalge...

The classification of fuzzy uncertain data is considered one of the most challenging issues in data analysis. In spite of the significance of fuzzy data in mathematical programming, the development of the analytical methods of fuzzy data is slow. Therefore, the current study proposes a new fuzzy data classification method based on fuzzy data envelopment analysis (DEA) which can handle strea...

Mammographic risk analysis is an important and challenging issue in modern medical science; research and development in this area has recently attracted much attention. Many efforts have been devoted to achieving a higher accuracy in such analysis. This paper presents a novel approach for automated analysis of mammographic risk, in support of human consultant estimation of such risk. The underl...