In Germany there are about fifteen years of experience in the planning and construction of farm-scale biogas plants. In the meantime, approximately 1,600 biogas plants are in operation on farms. This is primarily due to investment funding and payment for each kWh delivered to the public energy grid. In general, three different kinds of digester types are in use for anaerobically treating manure...

This article describes the republic's obligations to reduce greenhouse gases in Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis current situation gas emissions, recommendations, proposals and solutions has been carried out. author gives recommendations for decarbonization country's energy market. Decarbonization is refers reduction emissions over time order contain rise global average temperatures. author...

Objective: Today, medicinal plants are widely used in remedies for several ailments and improvement of human health because of their pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to document important useful medicinal plants and their medicinal characteristics for treatment of human ailments in the Arjan _ Parishan protected area in Fars province of Iran during 2010-2012. Materials and Methods: D...

greenhouse gases have been of serious global concern to environmentalists. enteric ruminal fermentation and manure are seen to be responsible for global warming. based on a better understanding of positive tan-nin effects on ruminant nutrition, the feeding value of browse trees and shrubs containing tannin, their roles on methanogenic rumen microbes in overcoming the production of enteric ferme...

I study whether a firm’s environmental profile affects the cost of its bank loans. I find that firms with environmental concerns such as hazardous waste concern, substantial toxic chemical emission concern and climate change concern pay a higher interest rate on their bank loans. Firms that derive substantial revenue from environmentally beneficial products pay a lower interest rate on their ba...

Power plants with complex technology have various gradations in design process so that this level in the current time by maintaining the goals of sustainability and sustainable development have a critical importance. These buildings require to be sustainable according to their complexity to provide the finance and discrete budgets for functional needs, meanwhile to design solutions to avoid cre...

buy-back contracts in the upstream oil and gas projects of iran, has experienced the third generation of this kind of contracts since its inception on 1373 (1994) when the oil and gas industry of iran opend its petroleum market to the foreign investment. these contracts have since been subject to the various critieques raised by international oil companies, foreign investors, or petroleum exper...