The Gas to Gasoline (GTG) process includes conversion of natural, flare, and associated gas into synthetic fuels that can be compositionally upgraded and adjusted into different useful hydrocarbon fuels including gasoline, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and fuel gas. Commonly, the GTG process involves three stages: 1) Synthesis gas (syngas) production unit 2) Methanol production unit 3) Methanol t...

A recent article in the American Journal of Public Health noted the high correlation between the lead content of soil in urban areas and the elevated blood-lead levels of children in these cities . ' An editorial in the same issue of the Journal suggested that the "use of leaded gasoline and [high] traffic density" he lped explain th is observation.2 For most public health expe rts, the controv...

background: for its toxicity, benzene exposure is one of the main health concerns for high risk occupations like gasoline station workers. however, there is little knowledge about the effect of benzene metabolites on hematological parameters. objective: to evaluate the correlation between the urinary level of trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-ma), a benzene metabolite, and some hematological para...

The tests were carried out with the spark timing adjusted to the maximum brake torquetiming in various equivalence ratios and engine speeds for gasoline and natural gas operations. In thiswork, the lower heating value of gasoline is about 13.6% higher than that of natural gas. Based on theexperimental results, the natural gas operation causes an increase of about 6.2% brake special fuelconsumpt...

Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) was first added to gasoline in Europe in 1973 to replace lead as an anti-knocking agent and as an octane enhancer (CAL-EPA, 1998). U.S. EPA approved it as a blending component in the U.S. in 1979, to eliminate the use of leaded gasoline. Typical MTBE levels used by refiners were around 2-3% by volume, blended in different proportions to achieve performance standards.

Methyl-tert-butyl (MTBE) is widely used in gasoline to reduce ozone and carbon monoxide emissions. However, it is highly water-soluble and does not absorb well to sediments, making it move quickly through groundwater systems. In addition, MTBE resists biological degradation, compared to other gasoline components, probably because of the high energy required to cleave its ether bond. The contami...

Abstract: This article provides model of the retail gasoline market as multi-agent systems. The main factors, which affecting on the retail price of gasoline were determined. The authors found that using the agent approach, which takes into consideration the coalitions in the market, in particular, tacit collusion, it is possible to describe the behaviour of players correctly. An description of...

A life cycle assessment of the impact of distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) on mitigation of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comparing corn ethanol to gasoline demonstrates the importance of feeding wet DGS (WDGS) to feedlot cattle to optimize the environmental benefit of ethanol production relative to gasoline. Ethanol produced in Nebraska has a superior environmental impact compa...