Gene amplification increases the number of genes in a genome and can give rise to karyotype abnormalities called double minutes (DM) and homogeneously staining regions (HSR), both of which have been widely observed in human tumors but are also known to play a major role during embryonic development due to the fact that they are responsible for the programmed increase of gene expression. The eti...

background: due to the predisposing conditions in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) caused by defective mucociliary clearance facilitating colonization and invasion with candida species has dramatically increased. traditional methods for identifying problems are imminent and time-consuming. therefore, molecular techniques utilizing amplification of target dna provide quick and precise methods ...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 417 A Leishmania Primer ............................................................................ 418 The Leishmania Genome and Circular DNAs ............................................... 419 MULTIPLE MECHANISMS OF DRUG RESISTANCE ...................................... 420 GENES AMPLIFIED IN ...

We describe a system for directed evolution based on in vitro compartmentalisation in which amplification of a gene is coupled to the formation of product by the enzyme it encodes. This approach mimics the process of natural selection; 'fitter' genes--encoding more efficient enzymes--have more 'offspring'. It allows selection for any activity so long as a product-specific ligand (e.g. an antibo...

Mutations in genes important for the preservation of genome stability can increase the frequency of gene amplification, a process relevant to tumor development. To investigate whether telomerase, the enzyme deputed to telomere maintenance, also plays a role in gene amplification, we studied the amplification of the carbamyl-P-synthetase, aspartate transcarbamilase, dihydro-orotase (CAD) gene in...

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is a condition arising from colonization of the caeca and colon of birds with anaerobic spirochaetes of the genus Brchyspira. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate PCR amplification from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue method for detecting infected laying hens with Brachyspira pilosicoli  with the same primers that have been used for det...

background: in human, sry (sex-determining region of the y chromosome) is the major gene for the testis-determining factor which is found in normal xy males and in the rare xx males, and it is absent in normal xx females and many xy females. there are several methods which can indicate a male genotype by the presence of the amplified product of sry gene. the aim of this study was to identify th...

background: differentiation ofmesenchymal stem cells (mscs) to hepatocyte-like cells could be associated with development of liver function factors. the impact of differentiation-dependent changes on dna integrity is not well understood. in this study, hepatocytes and their progenitor stem cells were treated with aflatoxin b1 (afb1) and amplification of selected genes linked to dna damage was e...

background: a major issue in many gene expressionstudies utilizing small amount of biological materials is thelimited quantity of rnapurified from clinical samples, which isoften used for rt-pcr or standard northern blot analysis.objectives: the smart cdna synthesis method and subsequentsmart-cdna-pcr technique was used to analyse 3genes in macroschizonts of theileria annulata in small lymphnod...