Abstract By the time of Kublai’s death, Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires including Golden Horde [Kipchak] in northwest, Chagatai Khanate Central Asia, Ilkhanate, based modern-day Iran, and Yuan Dynasty east. Although burial architecture their funeral ritual have been foci archaeologist, there no convincing conclusions about other branches Empire. According to h...

during the medieval iranian history, many of courtiers were aware of medicine. by the thirteenth and fourteenth century, under mongol yoke, a lot of minorities emancipated of abasid caliphate ties and could perform his religious deed. because of his jewish affiliation, rashid al-dincould join as an apothecary in the mongolian circles. large though mongol numbers were, they employed iranian sage...

formation of the ilkhanid rule and conversion of hulagu to buddhism let buddhists to participate in ilkhanid rule. buddhists hadnot any role in iranian politics before, and this was seen as a permission to them to take part in the statecraft. after this, many buddhists migrated from china, tibet, and the uyghurestan to iran. they built some temples which sought to convert people to buddhism. so...

although ilkhanids (1256-1353 ce) initially selected maraghe and then tabriz as their capital, the thought of founding a new city as a symbol of their kingdom encouraged them to establish soltanieh. ghazan khan’s goal of constructing the newly-built capital was accomplished during uljayto’s kingdom; a project that lasted for about 10 years (704-713 ah). although soltanieh’s fast development mad...

river of the most important factors in the cycle of erosion and geomorphologic process and present their studies on the wide are. in this research , the purpose of understanding factors that influence changes geomorphologic middle part of the river bed and atrak river review these changes has been the domain. this area is located between the villages of ghazan ghaye to chat in golestan province...