how to cite this article: ghanizadeh a, berk m. beta-lactam antibiotics as a possible novel therapy for managing epilepsy and autism, a case report and review of literature. iran j child neurol. 2015 winter;9(1):99-102. abstract autism is a disorder of unknown etiology. there are few fda approved medications for treating autism. co-occurring autism and epilepsy is common, and glutamate antagoni...

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system which is involved in synaptic transmission, brain development, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Normally, the enzymatic destruction of glutamate does not occur in the synaptic and extracellular space, but glutamate is removed through specific transporter proteins, leading to stabilization of glut...

objective: recent studies suggest that intermittent and prolonged normobaric hyperoxia (ho) results in ischemic tolerance to preventing ischemia brain injury. in this research attempts were made to see the changes in excitatory amio-acid transporter 3 (eaat3), tnf-α levels, and nf-κb activity following prolonged and intermittent nbho preconditioning. materials and methods: rats were divided i...

Glutamate is a neurotransmitter critical for spinal excitatory synaptic transmission and for generation and maintenance of spinal states of pain hypersensitivity via activation of glutamate receptors. Understanding the regulation of synaptically and non-synaptically released glutamate associated with pathological pain is important in exploring novel molecular mechanisms and developing therapeut...

Kinetic properties of a native, neuronal glutamate transporter were studied by using rapid applications of glutamate to outside-out patches excised from Purkinje neurons. Pulses of glutamate activated anion currents associated with the transporter that were weakly antagonized by the transporter antagonist kainate. In addition, kainate blocked a resting anion conductance observed in the absence ...

Chinese hamster ovary cells show endogenous high-affinity Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport activity. This transport activity is kinetically similar to a glutamate transporter family strategically expressed in the central nervous system and is pharmacologically unlike glutamate transporter-1 or excitatory amino acid carrier 1. The cDNA of a glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST)-like transpo...

Glutamate transporters clear glutamate from the extracellular space by high-affinity binding and uptake. Factors that regulate glutamate transporter expression and activity can thereby influence excitatory neurotransmission. Transporter function in GABAergic and other systems has been shown to be regulated by transporter substrates. Here, glutamate regulation of glutamate transport was studied ...

introduction: prolonged and intermittent oxygen pre-exposure is associated with protection against ischemic reperfusion (ir) injury. in the current study, attempts were made to investigate the relationship between exposure to prolonged and intermittent normobaric hyperoxia (nbho) and expression of excitatory amino acids transporters (eaats) and tnf-α level. method: rats were divided into four m...

BACKGROUND Removing and sequestering synaptically released glutamate from the extracellular space is carried out by specific plasma membrane transporters that are primarily located in astrocytes. Glial glutamate transporter function can be monitored by recording the currents that are produced by co-transportation of Na+ ions with the uptake of glutamate. The goal of this study was to characteri...

Seizures were induced by flurothyl inhalation. Rats were intramuscularly treated with progesterone after each seizure. Results demonstrated that glutamate transporter 2 and γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 expression levels were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the developing rat brain following recurrent seizures. After progesterone treatment, glutamate transp...