Gonads were removed from fetal mice at about the time that gonadal sex differentiation occurs. The gonads were cultured in vitro with or without their mesonephric tissue. When gonads and ducts removed from sexually undifferentiated fetuses were cultured together, the gonads of both sexes developed female characteristics, whereas gonads cultured without mesonephros developed according to the sex...

the impact of pgf2? on total proteins, free amino acids and the amino transferases in the gonads of silkworm, bombyx mori l. were investigated in the present experiment. the effect of pgf2? resulted in increase in the total protein and free amino acid contents in the gonads of silkworm larvae indicating improved structural and dynamic levels of organization. the enhanced activity levels of amin...

The sex-dependent morphological asymmetry between gonads of bird embryos is generally considered to represent the critical point at which the definitive pattern of sexual differentiation is established. A quantitative study of growth in gonads of chick embryos (6to 11-day-old) and of duck embryos (7to 11-day-old) has been carried out in order to clarify in what manner growth of gonads is involv...

In general, there is a relationship between growth and reproduction, and gonads are known to be important organs for growth, but direct evidence for their role is lacking. Here, using a fish model, we report direct evidence that gonads are endocrine organs equal to the pituitary in controlling body growth. Gonadal loss of function, gain of function, and rescue of growth were investigated in til...

Four pairs of XX and XY gonads from Nile tilapia were sequenced at four developmental stages, 5, 30, 90, and 180 days after hatching (dah) using Illumina Hiseq(TM) technology. This produced 28 Gb sequences, which were mapped to 21,334 genes. Of these, 259 genes were found to be specifically expressed in XY gonads, and 69 were found to be specific to XX gonads. Totally, 187 XX- and 1,358 XY-enha...

Sex differentiation of gonads in amphibians is believed to be controlled genetically, but altered epigenetically or environmentally. When larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus were reared at defined temperatures from hatching to metamorphic stages, a high temperature (28 degrees C) induced exclusively female gonads (ovaries), whereas intermediate (20 and 23 degrees C) or lower (16 degree...

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of germ cell depletion on the sexual differentiation of gonads in five anuran species. We used busulfan to eliminate the germ cells. Our results indicate that germ cells are not required for gonadal ridge formation or the development of the undifferentiated gonads. We observed a gradual degeneration of gonads in studied species and the transd...

To clarify the sexually dimorphic mechanisms of gonadal sex differentiation, we established an in vitro culture system for gonadal sex differentiation using the teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus. In vivo, the entry of germ cells into meiosis occurs around 35 days after hatching (dah) in XX gonads, whereas in XY gonads, meiotic cells became differentiated around 85 dah. In our in vitro culture ...

BACKGROUND Investigating gonadal gene expression is important in attempting to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in the model species zebrafish. However, the small size of juvenile zebrafish and correspondingly their gonads complicates this type of investigation. Furthermore, the lack of a genetic sex marker in juvenile zebrafish prevents pooling gonads ...