translation, whose first traces date back at least to 3000 bc (newmark, 1988), has always been considered time-consuming and labor-consuming. in view of this, experts have made numerous efforts to develop some mechanical systems which can reduce part of this time and labor. the advancement of computers in the second half of the twentieth century paved the ground for the invention of machine tra...

The goal of metasearch systems is to facilitate access for researchers—both novice and expert users—to the ever-growing number of scholarly electronic resources. Researchers today are typically Web-savvy and have high expectations regarding ease of access to information for their research needs. Facing the variety and complexity of the interfaces provided by information providers, researchers o...