We present a new parallel corpus, JHU FLuency-Extended GUG corpus (JFLEG) for developing and evaluating grammatical error correction (GEC). Unlike other corpora, it represents a broad range of language proficiency levels and uses holistic fluency edits to not only correct grammatical errors but also make the original text more native sounding. We describe the types of corrections made and bench...

This study aimed at investigating the effects of grammatical error correction on EFL learners’ accuracy. Twenty-two male and female senior students were chosen randomly to respond to a questionnaire investigating their beliefs about immediate grammatical error correction.  Actually, the study was conducted in order to answer this question: what is the effect of grammatical error feedback on stu...

The current study intends to recognize the various sorts of interference in French Ivory Coast, a West African nation. article mainly concentrates on propound examination and investigation linguistic procedure that demonstrates itself survey impression Ivorian native tongues complicated range elements factors. This focuses impacts grammatical, phonetic, lexical interference, occurring levels ba...

Researchers of tone are largely influenced by the properties of the language(s) on which they work. Since tone has an almost exclusively lexical function in East and Southeast Asian languages, researchers of these languages focus primarily on how languages and speakers distinguish tone on lexical morphemes. Languages such Thai, Vietnamese and the wide range within Chinese lead one to posit a pa...

AbstractGrammatical Evolution (GE) is one of the most popular Genetic Programming (GP) variants, and it has been used with success in several problem domains. Since original proposal, many enhancements have proposed to GE order address some its main issues improve performance.In this paper we propose Probabilistic Grammatical (PGE), which introduces a new genotypic representation mapping mechan...