river banks are exposed to bank erosion and destruction. one of the river engineering goals is to provide human life requirements and reduce river danger. so spreading extent of this phenomenon, whose risk and other important factors must be recognized. using groins is one of the control ways that by accurate design and accurate performance, bank erosion control and field reclamation would be p...

BACKGROUND Use of the femoral vein for the injection of illicit drugs (i.e. groin injecting) has been linked to various health-related harms, including deep vein thrombosis. However, little is known about the prevalence of groin injecting and factors that predict this practice among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Thailand. We sought to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with g...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine if risk factors for groin injuries among male soccer players could be identified. HYPOTHESIS Previous groin injuries, reduced function scores, age, findings on clinical examination, and low isometric groin strength are associated with increased risk of new groin injuries. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 5...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of inguinal canal posterior wall deficiency (sports hernia) in professional Australian Rules footballers using an ultrasound technique and correlate the results with the clinical symptom of groin pain. METHODS Thirty five professional Australian footballers with and without groin pain were investigated blind with a dynamic high resolution ultrasound te...

Background: Copenhagen hip and groin outcome score (HAGOS) is the only valid and reliable self-reported questionnaire for assessing symptoms and activity limitations of subjects with hip and groin problems. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the English version of the HAGOS to Persian and to evaluate its reliability in young athletes with hip and groin pain. Methods: T...

OBJECTIVE To identify patient and physician-controlled treatment variables that might predict the persistence or redevelopment of saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) reflux. METHODS Thirteen European centers, with substantial lower extremity venous disease practices, examined their experience with SFJ ligation and GSV stripping for primary varicose veins in patients followed for > or =2 years, ente...

BACKGROUND Valid and reliable questionnaires to assess hip and groin pain are lacking. The Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) is a valid and reliable self-reported measure to assess symptoms, activity limitations, participation restrictions and quality of life of persons with hip and/or groin complaints. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the HAGOS into Dutch...

This trial aimed to assess the value of MRI in the differential diagnosis of chronic groin pain in athletes, a condition caused by various pathologies, the most common being posterior abdominal wall deficiency, osteitis pubis and muscular imbalance. Nineteen subjects with clinically ruled-out hernia and recurrent episodes of exercise-triggered groin pain were assessed. Dynamic MRI was performed...

Background Hip adductor muscle weakness and a history of groin injury both have been identified as strong risk factors for sustaining a new groin injury. Current groin pain and age have been associated with hip adductor strength. These factors could be related, but this has never been investigated. Purpose To investigate whether soccer athletes with past-season groin pain and with different d...