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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) faces much more severe financial constraints compared to large mature companies it is vulnerable market imperfection. To alleviate SMEs’ constraints, Public Credit Guarantee Schemes (CGSs) have been introduced widely used around the world. Having provided a thorough analysis of effectiveness traditional CGSs, we introduce an innovative financing contrac...

in contracts to insure the implementation of contractual obligations, guarantees will obtain from promisor. with reference to the general conditions of guarantees, nature and custody of these guarantees does not have been stipulated in civil law and fidic contracts. in civil law about the analysis of the substantive guarantees, the views presented that among the most are: contract guarantee, um...

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complete and non-defecting delivery of construction is one of the important obligations of construction contracts. however, unlike in most of the consuming products, the troubleshooting of construction needs passages of time, since hidden defects appear through time and usages of consumer. although after the delivery of construction the claim of consumer is not admissible, in hidden defects it ...