background and objectives: a number of different subtypes of avian influenza (ai) viruses have emerged in humans includingh5n1, h7n2, h7n7 and h9n2. these influenza viruses are excreted in the infected birds and in their respiratory secretions.the aim of this study was to investigate seropositivity against h9n2 and h7n7 viruses among poultry and slaughterhouse workers with occupational risk of ...

Can a system have the ability to dynamically generate, on demand, a large number of adequate exercises in order to feed a learning environment in philosophy? We addressed this issue with our Philosophical Gymnasium (Phi-GYM) project with its authoring tool. Our motivation in designing the authoring tool was to: (1) Find an effective way to provide a wide range of exercises, and to; (2) Provide ...

Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is the predominant surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania promastigotes and plays several roles in the infectious cycle of this protozoan parasite. The salient feature of LPG is the presence of 15–30 copies of a disaccharide-phosphate repeating unit Gal(b1,4)Man(a1-PO4), which is also found on many other secreted molecules (secretory acid phosphatase, phosphoglycan, proteo...

The conserved TPLH tetrapeptide motif of ankyrin repeats (ARs) plays an important role in stabilizing AR proteins, and histidine (TPLH) to arginine (TPLR) mutations in this motif have been associated with a hereditary human anemia, spherocytosis (HS). Here, we used a combination of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to ...