forest cover is one of the most effective factors in reducing flooding in northern iran, so that in recent years the destruction, land use changing and uncontrolled harvesting of forest areas, has greatly increased the number and magnitude of floods. so far, there have been few studies on forest hydrology in iran, particularly the northern hyrcanian forests. this study examines the impact of a ...

directional felling of trees plays a key role in reducing of damages to forest residual trees and can also facilitate skidding. the aim of this study was presents a practical linear model for estimation of tree falling direction error in an uneven-aged mixed stand in northern forests of iran. to conduct the study a number of 95 trees of four species fagus orientalis lipsky, carpinus betulus l.,...

There has been a growing interest in using energy harvesting techniques for powering wireless sensor networks. The reason for utilizing this technology can be explained by the sensors limited amount of operation time which results from the finite capacity of batteries and the need for having a stable power supply in some applications. Energy can be harvested from the sun, wind, vibration, heat,...

Energy harvesting is a technology that gathers energy such as sunlight, artificial light, and vibration and heat from machinery to obtain electric power. Applying this technology to wireless sensor modules in a machine-to-machine (M2M) wireless sensor network will eliminate the need for grid-based power and primary batteries and create new value in the form of maintenance-free, battery-free, an...

In sustainable wireless sensor networks powered by ambient energy harvesting, node operation highly depends on the energy availability and harvesting rate. For them to support existing wireless sensor network applications, duty-cycling schemes need to adapt the nodes’ sleep-wake schedules according to energy harvesting and consumption rates. In this paper, we propose a harvesting-aware duty-cyc...

Passive energy harvesting from mechanical vibration has wide application in wearable and embedded sensors to complement or replace batteries. Energy harvesting efficiency can be increased by eliminating AC/DC conversion. A test chip demonstrating self-timing, power-on-reset circuitry, and memory for energy harvesting AC voltages has been designed in 180 nm CMOS and tested. Circuit operation is ...

Internal mammary artery harvesting is an essential part of any coronary artery bypass operation. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery has become reality in many centers as a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgery in selected patients. Internal mammary artery harvesting is the initial part of the procedure and should be performed equally safely if one wants to ...

The main concern of an olive grower is primarily to achieve more income and profits. A harvesting method having higher efficiency and better fruit and oil quality, but a higher operation cost leads to a lower benefit. A study was carried out to evaluate the techno-economic performances of Trunk Shaker (TS) and Mechanical Harvest Aid (MHA) shaker for harvesting the yellow and Manzanilla olive cu...