a 33 yr old man, previously diagnosed with hypothyroidism, presented with decreased level of consciousness and generalized tonic-clonic (gtc) seizure to namazi hospital, shiraz, iran, during april 2015. the patient later referred with another episode of seizure like attack for which he received phenytoin, carbamazepine and levothyroxine and was discharged. during his last admission, the patient...

objective: hashimoto encephalopathy (he) is known as a steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis or nonvascular inflammation-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis. the average age of onset of he is approximately 50 years; and it is more common in women. the onset of he may be acute or subacute. the course of most he cases is relapsing and remitting, which is simi...

A 35-year-old Korean woman had Hashimoto encephalopathy of varying MR imaging appearance over 5 years that ranged from that of transient subcortical ischemia to that of gradually evolving multifocal signal intensity change accompanied by unilateral cerebellar atrophy. Thus, the MR imaging appearance of Hashimoto encephalopathy may simulate an ischemic stroke, multiple tumors or granulomas, or e...

recently, several patients have been reported with various signs of encephalopathy and high thyroid antibody levels together with good responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy. despite the various clinical presentations, these cases have been termed “hashimoto encephalopathy” (he). although all of the pathogenic components have not yet been clearly elucidated, it is believed that brain vasculit...

Hashimoto encephalopathy is a rare disease associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. Symptoms may include delirium, encephalopathy, seizures, and psychosis. Pathophysiology of this disease is not completely understood. This condition is often under-diagnosed if not suspected and should be considered in patients with diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations in whom no obvious etiology of encephalop...