background and objectives: informal payment in the health settings is a significant challenge facing the health system, with consequences such as inequity in access to healthcare services, distrust to health care system, and dissatisfied customers. detailed identification of the nature of the problem is perquisite to developing relevant overcoming strategies. given that, this study aimed at pro...

under the table or informal payments in several middle and low income countries is a serious impediment to health care reform. these payments are effectively a form of systemic corruption. this report shows the efforts of a patient who seek health care for his ankle while being requested to pay under the table in hospital and private clinic. the data were collected by interview and surveying pa...

background psychological violence is the most common form of workplace violence that can affect professional performance and job satisfaction of health care workers. although several studies have been conducted in iran, but there is no consensus regarding current status of such violence. objectives this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological violence among healthcare workers...

background: diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (cvd). moreover, cvd accounts for primary cause of death among diabetic patients. physicians, especially in the primary care setting, have effective role in the management of cardiovascular risk factors. therefore, we aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients attending t...

background in this article, we analyze one case instance of how proposals for change to the priority setting and resource allocation (psra) processes at a canadian healthcare institution reached the decision agenda of the organization’s senior leadership. we adopt key concepts from an established policy studies framework – kingdon’s multiple streams theory – to inform our analysis.   methods tw...

background: in the recent years, using health technologies to diagnose and treat diseases has had a considerable and accelerated growth. the proper use of these technologies may considerably help in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. on the other hand, unlimited and unrestricted entry of these technologies may result in induced demand by service providers. the aim of this study ...

AIM This paper is an update to a systematic review that presents the best available evidence on the factors that are most effective in promoting constructive staff-family relationships in the care of older people in the institutional healthcare setting. METHODS Systematic review. RESULTS The updated review supports findings from the earlier review. Additional evidence points to the importan...

The health care industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. Through the processes of waste disposal, including incineration, the health care industry is one of the largest contributors to environmental dioxin and mercury. Mercury contamination of our waterways has created the conditions by which a significant number of fish are sufficiently mercury-laden so as to pose a human he...