A shortcoming of many economic evaluations is that they do not include all medical costs in life-years gained (also termed indirect medical costs). One of the reasons for this is the practical difficulties in the estimation of these costs. While some methods have been proposed to estimate indirect medical costs in a standardized manner, these methods fail to take into account that not all costs...

background and purpose: more than a third of the world’s population lack access to essential medicines, despite the presence of several international agreements that proclaim health as a human right. corruption, in its many forms, such as bribery and embezzlement, causes several detrimental effects on the health sector and access to medicines including economic, health, and government image and...

This paper investigates the relationship between trade and economic development using a two-country, non-scale-growth model. Depending on the share of the expenditure for manufactured goods, we obtain two different results with regard to long-run production patterns. If the share of the expenditure is less than or equal to half, the leader country diversifies while the follower country asymptot...

This paper investigates the relationship between cigarette consumption per capita net disposable income, cigarette price index, and per capita expenditure for education. In this empirical analysis the Johansen cointegration test is applied in conjunction with the vector error correction model. Finally, the forecasting technique of cigarettes consumption in Greece using cointegration models is p...

BACKGROUND National health accounts provide useful information to understand the functioning of a health financing system. This article attempts to present a profile of the health system financing in Malawi using data from NHA. It specifically attempts to document the health financing situation in the country and proposes recommendations relevant for developing a comprehensive health financing ...

OBJECTIVE Provide a detailed discussion of baseline health spending by state of residence (per capita personal health care spending, per enrollee Medicare spending, and per enrollee Medicaid spending) in 2009, over the last decade (1998-2009), as well as the differential regional and state impacts of the recent recession. DATA SOURCE State Health Expenditures by State of Residence for 1991...

The New Zealand health care sector stands out relative to other OECD countries, with relatively low per-capita health expenditure and a public dominant health system. Efficient allocation of resources is therefore paramount. This paper creates a predictive model for patient volume using the national database of hospital admissions. Contrasting predicted with actual demand, we construct indicato...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the long-term impacts health capital on economic growth in Southeast Asia from 2000 – 2021. This employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model estimate long-run and short-run nexus among variables. Furthermore, FMOLS, DOLS CCR were used for a more robust examination empirical findings. results show that (proxy by expenditure per capita) has relatio...

BACKGROUND A key objective of universal health coverage is to address inequities in the financial implications of health care. This paper examines the level and trend in out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) on health, and the consequent burden on Nepalese households. METHODS Using data from the Nepal Living Standard Survey for 1995-1996 and 2010-2011, the paper looks at the inequity of this burden a...