the present paper studies hedges in persian academic papers. hedging has an important role in academic discourse; in fact it is a device expressing a writer's degree of certainty or doubt about a proposition. in this study, a collection of 114 academic papers (57 papers in the field of chemistry and 57 papers in the field of persian literature) have been analyzed. the results show that the...

In this work we study anti-unification for unranked terms and hedges, permitting context and hedge variables. Hedges are sequences of unranked terms. The anti-unification problem of two hedges s̃ and q̃ is concerned with finding their generalization, a hedge g̃ such that both s̃ and q̃ are instances of g̃ under some substitutions. Context variables are used to abstract vertical differences in the inp...

Expressing doubt and certainty in academic writings requires a cautious use of hedges and boosters. Despite their importance in academic writing, little is known about how they are used in monolingual and bilingual male and female EFL learners’ academic writings. To shed some lights on the issue, the present study investigated the use of hedges and boosters in research articles written by monol...

The expression of doubt and certainty is crucial in academic writing where the authors have to distinguish opinion from fact and evaluate their assertions in acceptable and persuasive ways. Hedges and boosters are two strategies used for this purpose. Despite their importance in academic writing, we know little about how they are used in different disciplines and genres and how foreign language...

In this work we study anti-unification for unranked terms and hedges, permitting context and hedge variables. Hedges are sequences of unranked terms. The anti-unification problem of two hedges s̃ and q̃ is concerned with finding their generalization, a hedge g̃ such that both s̃ and q̃ are substitution instances of g̃. Second-order power is gained by using context variables to generalize vertical dif...

We introduce (fuzzy) Galois connections with hedges. Fuzzy Galois connections are basic structures behind so-called formal concept analysis of data with fuzzy attributes. Introducing hedges to Galois connections means introducing two parameters. The parameters influence the size of the set of all the fixpoints of a Galois connection. In the sense of formal concept analysis, the fixpoints, calle...

In the first part, we extend our results from a previous paper on factorization of residuated lattices to residuated lattices with hedges. In the second part, we show how this result can be applied to the problem of factorization of fuzzy concept lattices with hedges. Our approach is that instead of factorizing the original concept lattice with hedges we construct a new data table with fuzzy va...

We enrich concept-forming operators in L-rough Concept Analysis with linguistic hedges which model semantics of logical connectives ‘very’ and ‘slightly’. Using hedges as parameters for the concept-forming operators we are allowed to modify our uncertainty when forming concepts. As a consequence, by selection of these hedges we can control the size of concept lattice.