background and objectives: bordetella species colonize the respiratory tract of mammals and thereby cause the whooping cough. most of the species produce adenylate cyclase - a toxin ( hemolysin ) responsible for increasing intracellular cyclic amp (camp) levels in mammalian neutrophils and macrophages and as a consequence their phagocytic function get impaired . this study was carried out to is...

abstract background and objective: snake venom is a complex of several toxic elements and enzymes. it has the agents with the ability to destroy cellular and subcellular membrane and to bring about hemolysis of red blood cells (rbc). two types of direct and indirect hemolytic activity are known in snake venom in that phospholipase a2 is responsible for the indirect lysis. the aim of this study ...

Serum complement is valuable tool in determining the health status of fish. This study was conducted to examine in vitro activity of serum complement as an indicator of innate immunity in four sturgeon species, Acipenser stellatus, A. baeri, A. nudiventris and Huso huso (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae). The Effects of different temperatures, concentrations and volumes of serum on alternative comple...

b ackground: brevinin-2r, as 25 amino acids peptide of the skin of r ana ridibunda frog, possesses potent antimicrobial and low hemolytic activity. it has an n-terminal hydrophilic region and a c-terminal loop that is delineated by an intra-disulfide bridge. in our study, brevinin-2r and its diastereomer as well  as its  cyclic  analogue  were  synthesized  and  characterized  in  order  to inv...

Background and Purpose: Globally, dermatophytes are the most common filamentous group of fungi causing cutaneous mycoses. Dermatophytes were shown to secrete a multitude of enzymes that play a role in their pathogenesis. There is limited data on co-hemolytic (CAMP-like) effect of different bacterial species on dermatophyte species. In this study, we sought to the evaluate exoenzyme activity an...

Alpha-hemolytic-like activity from Campylobacter jejuni was clearly apparent when the medium pH ranged from 6.0 to 6.5, but the hemolytic zones disappeared when the pH of the medium increased. Beta-hemolytic-like activity just beneath the bacterial growth appeared after prolonged incubation. The hemolytic activity was not influenced by the species of blood.