Using cre/loxP gene targeting, transgenic mice with muscle-specific inactivation of the GLUT4 gene (muscle GLUT4 KO) were generated and shown to develop a diabetes phenotype. To determine the mechanism, we examined insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and metabolism during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in control and muscle GLUT4 KO mice before and after development of diabetes. Insulin-stimul...

G6PD is rate limiting enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), have effective physiological role supply of NADPH by converting it into Glucose-6-phosphate to phospogluconate which acts as a major cell reductant and useful survival. Brain highly sophisticated organ our body requires continuous energy form glucose. Daily requirement brain glucose 120gm. plays key it. According WHO 75% world pop...

The compound 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) is a high-value chemical block that can be synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), platform results the dehydration of biomass-derived carbohydrates. In this work, HMF biotransformation capability different Fusarium species was evaluated, and F. striatum selected to produce DHMF. effects inoculum size, glucose concentration pH media over DH...

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin in response to changes in the extracellular glucose. However, prolonged exposure to elevated glucose exerts toxic effects on beta cells and results in beta cell dysfunction and ultimately beta cell death (glucose toxicity). To investigate the mechanism of how increased extracellular glucose is toxic to beta cells, we used two model systems where glucose met...

Tubular atrophy and dysfunction is a critical process underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN). Understanding the mechanisms underlying renal tubular epithelial cell survival is important for the prevention of kidney failure associated with glucotoxicity. Autophagy is a cellular pathway involved in protein and organelle degradation. It is associated with many types of cellular homeostasis and human...

Calcium channel blocker (CCB ) overdose, whether intentional or accidental, is a common clinical scenario and can be very lethal. Conventional treatments for CCB overdose include intravenous (IV) fluids, calcium salts, dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and glucagon. However, the conventional therapies are unsuccessful in reversing the cardiovascular toxicity of...

Medicinal plants in genus Lagerstroemia were investigated for phytochemical contents by GC-MS and HPLC with ethanol and hexane extracts and their toxicity MTT and comet assay on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). γ-Sitosterol is the major component found in all species at 14.70-34.44%. All of the extracts, except for L. speciosa ethanol extract, showed high percentages of cell vi...

The microbial production of fuel ethanol is an attractive and sustainable biotechnological approach. This study presents a metabolic engineering strategy Zymomonas mobilis aimed at coproducing bioethanol fatty acids. increased flux acids stabilizes the cell membrane thus counteracts progressively higher toxicity. In glucose medium, highest titer achieved was 146.7 g/kg broth, surpassing wild-ty...