This study investigates washback effects of IELTS test on university teachers’ adoption teaching materials in the classroom China and see how a high-stake language exam affects their practices they students perceive effectiveness pedagogic adjustments. To this end, individual interview to five teacher participants was carried out questionnaire administered over 100 students. The results show po...

Abstract The present paper appraises a standardized test, the entrance exam of Iranian universities, known as “Konkur” that is administered annually means gaining admission to higher education in Iran. This norm-referenced test for students majoring mathematics, experimental sciences, and humanities whose scores along their weighted GPAs last 3 years high school are used indicators students’ ra...

Exhaustive testing is never the appropriate approach in software testing as this violates the principle of cost effectiveness in software development as well as puts time and other resources at stake. This explains the need to optimise the process of software testing. The present paper gives an overview of cuckoo search algorithm and its role in software coverage optimisation. This paper propos...

The effects of stake size on cooperation and punishment are investigated using a public goods experiment. We find that an increase in stake size does neither significantly affect cooperation nor, interestingly, the level of punishment.