Background and Objectives: Hijama as a form of traditional medicine is used for treatment and prevention of diseases and maintenance of homeostasis. Throughout the centuries it has been known as a national, cultural and religious form of therapy among Iranian people and also the pillars of Islamic practice and tradition. One of the common problems regarding this kind of therapy is that most pat...

Pain in joints (Waja ul Mafasil) is a major clinical problem that may or not be associated with inflammation. Researchers and Clinicians are rigorously working to find out the best treatment modality management of joint pain. Unani physicians claimed various disorders help several Tadabeer. The objective this critical review address claims studies conducted on efficacy Dalk Hijama Classical lit...

background and objectives: hijama as a form of traditional medicine is used for treatment and prevention of diseases and maintenance of homeostasis. throughout the centuries it has been known as a national, cultural and religious form of therapy among iranian people and also the pillars of islamic practice and tradition. one of the common problems regarding this kind of therapy is that most pat...

Cupping (Hijama in Arabic) is an ancient, holistic method for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Though the exact origin of cupping therapy is a matter of controversy, its use has been documented in early Egyptian and Chinese medical practices. Diverse human civilizations have contributed to the historical development and continuation of cupping therapy. This narrative review describes the...

leech therapy was popular for many centuries. while many research studies have supported the medical use of hirudo medicinalis, other species have not received that much attention. due to the large demand and lack of supply, more research is needed to justify the medical use of other species. ibn al quffprovided general guidelines on differentiating between the beneficial and toxic types of lee...