The spinal dorsal horn processes somatosensory information before conveying it to the brain. The neuronal organization of the dorsal horn is still poorly understood, although recent studies have defined several distinct populations among the interneurons, which account for most of its constituent neurons. All primary afferents, and the great majority of neurons in laminae I-III are glutamatergi...

While group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulate nociception, the precise molecular mechanism(s) contributing to glutamate signaling in chronic pain remain unclear. Here we not only confirmed the key involvement of Homer proteins in neuropathic pain, but also distinguished between the functional roles for different Homer famil...

BACKGROUND The main determinants of HIV-1 coreceptor usage are located in the V3-loop of gp120, although mutations in V2 and gp41 are also known. Incorporation of V2 is known to improve prediction algorithms; however, this has not been confirmed for gp41 mutations. METHODS Samples with V3 and gp41 genotypes and Trofile assay (Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA) results were ta...

This PhD dissertation develops a formal model and theory for reasoning about mobile and distributed systems. In particular, we consider systems consisting of mobile computing devices containing mobile computations, where both kinds of entities can move between locations and where the entities can contain local information. We begin by presenting a process calculus that focuses on the following ...

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), mGluR1 and mGluR5, regulate activity in the globus pallidus (GP) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). To test whether the localization of group I mGluRs is altered in parkinsonism, we used immunoelectron microscopy to analyze the subcellular and subsynaptic distribution of mGluR1a and mGluR5 in GP and STN of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridi...