Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 belong to the Oncorna group of retroviridae, a large family of viruses, grouped initially by pathogenic features, but later revised on the basis of genome structure and nucleotide sequence. HTLV-I was the first discovered human retrovirus to be associated with a malignancy in 1980. The malignancy, first described by Uchiyama and co-worker...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic I (HTLV-I) are two retroviruses that have a similar fashion of transmission via sharp objects contaminated by viruses, transplant surgery, transfusion, sexual relations. Simultaneous infections with HTLV-I HIV-1 usually occur in areas where both viruses become endemic. CD4+T cells the main targets HTLV-I, while can infect macr...

Background: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopa-thy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an inflammatory disease which occurs in less than 2% of HTLV-I -infected individuals. High proviral load, high HTLV-I-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequency (CTL) and host genetic factors such as HLA all appear to be associated with HTLV-I infection. Previous stud...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) was the first human retrovirus associated with malignancy.  the prevalence of htlv-i infection varies significantly in different regions of the world.  in this study, the prevalence of htlv-i infection among ethnic jews living in shiraz, south of iran, was investigated. 286 blood samples were obtained.  htlv-1 antibody assay on serum samples was d...

background human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) is one of the health threatening problems in endemic areas and can be transmitted by different routes such as blood transfusion. in order to correct chronic anemia in thalassemia subjects, they may need to get blood units per month. thus, they are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses such as htlv-i. objectives in the present study, ...

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  The underlying mechanisms leading to the development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in HTLV-I infected individuals are not fully understood. Host genetic factors appear to be involved as risk factors for developing HAM/TSP. We investigated the possible contribution of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a risk factor to HA...

The aim of the present paper is to formulate two new mathematical models describe co-dynamics severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) in a host. characterizes interplaying between seven compartments, uninfected ECs, latently SARS-CoV-2-infected actively free SARS-CoV-2 particles, CD4+T cells, HTLV-I-infected cells cells. i...

Background: Thalassemia syndromes are the most common genetic disorders in the world. They happen due to genetic defects in process of haemoglobin synthesis, and would be classified to many groups mainly α and β, based on the kind of defect. Anemia is the main clinical manifestation of this phenotype of disorder. In order to correct the chronic anemia in thalassaemic individuals, they may need ...

introduction genetic background has known to be associated with the outcome of human t cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) type i infection. in the present study we investigate the association between gm-csf gene polymorphisms with the outcome of htlv-i infection. materials and methods we analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promter region of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating fa...