BACKGROUND Handwashing with soap (HWWS) is a simple and effective measure to prevent transmission of fecal-oral disease and other infectious diseases in school-age children. To promote the behavior, we need to understand their HWWS compliance. The aim of this article is to describe handwashing behavior and HWWS compliance and to identify associated factors among schoolchildren in the multiethni...

BACKGROUND In Vietnam, initiatives have been started aimed at increasing the practice of handwashing with soap (HWWS) among primary schoolchildren. However, compliance remains low. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate responses to a teacher-centred participatory HWWS intervention in a multi-ethnic population of primary schoolchildren in northern rural Vietnam. DESIGN This study was impl...

Handwashing with soap (HWWS) may be one of the most cost-effective means of preventing infection in developing countries. However, HWWS is rare in these settings. We reviewed the results of formative research studies from 11 countries so as to understand the planned, motivated and habitual factors involved in HWWS. On average, only 17% of child caretakers HWWS after the toilet. Handwash 'habits...

BACKGROUND Uterus didelphys and blind hemivagina associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis are collectively known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS). In the literature, the syndrome often appears as a single case report or as a small series. In our study, we reviewed the characteristics of all HWWS patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and suggested a new classific...

BACKGROUND An intervention trial of the 'SuperAmma' village-level intervention to promote handwashing with soap (HWWS) in rural India demonstrated substantial increases in HWWS amongst the target population. We carried out a process evaluation to assess the implementation of the intervention and the evidence that it had changed the perceived benefits and social norms associated with HWWS. The e...

Herlyn werner wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a rare congenital mullerian ductal Anomaly (MDA) characterised by the triad of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. It generally occurs at puberty and exhibhits non-specific and variable symptoms with acute or chronic pelvic pain shortly following menarche, causing a delay in diagnosis. Moreover, the diagnosis is com...

Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a congenital Müllerian duct anomaly characterized by uterine didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Little is reported about spinal deformity associated with this syndrome. This study presents a case of scoliosis occurring in the setting of HWWS and explores the possible association between the 2 diseases. A previously unrep...

Herlyn – Werner – Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is an uncommon combined Mullerian and Mesonephric duct anomaly, and its presentation in neonatal period is even rarer. Symptoms generally occur after menarche about 12 to 13 years old and it is usually diagnosed by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Our case is 1 day old asymptomatic newborn with all the features of this syndrome that came to our att...

We assessed whether supplying soap to primary schools on a regular basis increased pupil hand washing and decreased Escherichia coli hand contamination. Multiple rounds of structured observations of hand washing events after latrine use were conducted in 60 Kenyan schools, and hand rinse samples were collected one time in a subset of schools. The proportion of pupils observed practicing hand wa...

Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a rare type of female reproduction tract malformation, often accompanied by abnormal development the ipsilateral urinary system, which shows mostly double uterus and absence kidney on oblique side. Case Report: An 11-year-old patient presented with lower abdominal distension pain for 2 days was suspected vaginal haematoma. Conclusion: Ipsi...