utilizing the resources of the web in educational practices has made instructional processes more efficient and interesting and has made the learning process on the other hand much easier and attractive. with the web, english language teachers now have the option of engaging learners in online (web-based) instructions in addition to the use of conventional classroom instructions or alternativel...

The metadata schema of a digital archive describes the structure and attributes of metadata. Analysis and definition of metadata schema for a new digital archive must be carefully carried out and determined at the first stage of development. To ease the task, we used an Extensible Markup Language (XML) structure to represent the metadata schema, and then designed and implemented a metadata sche...

For the standardization of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 2.0, we proposed the functions specific to i-mode HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to the WAP Forum. As a result, we were able to assure the functional compatibility between the WAP 2.0 markup language and i-mode HTML. In order to technically verify the functional compatibility of the WAP 2.0 with i-mode HTML, we conducted the exper...

Mobisaic is a World Wide Web information system designed to serve users in a mobile wireless computing environment. Mobisaic extends the Web by allowing documents to both refer and react to potentially changing contextual information, such as one's current location in the wireless network. Mobisaic relies on client-side processing of HyperText Markup Language documents that support two new conc...

The extensible markup language (XML) is a markup language promoted by the World Wide Web consortium (W3C). XML overcomes the limitations of hypertext markup language (HTML) and represents an important opportunity to solve the problem of protecting information distributed on the Web, with the definition of access restrictions directly on the structure and content of the document. This chapter su...

This paper compares the use of three different approaches to transcoding of XML [Extensible Markup Language]-based user interface descriptions to other target formats. The source is the interface section of the XML-based markup language for user interfaces, UIML [User Interface Markup Language], which has been extended with a vocabulary for the description of generic user interfaces. Target for...

The Physical Markup Language (PML) is intended to be a common “language” for describing physical objects, processes and environments. Much as the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) has standardized the way in which information is presented on the Internet, PML is designed to standardize descriptions of physical objects for use by both humans and machines. The primary objective of PML is to serve ...