The 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded to Sidney Altrnan and Thomas R. Cech for their discovery that RNA in living cells can function not onfy as a molecule of heredity, but also as a biocatalyst. A brief historical overview of the laureates’ work is presented, and citation data for their most-cited publications are examined. Research-front analysis highlights both scientists’ centr...

We consider two overlapping classes of fields, IAC and VAC, which are defined using valuation theory but do not involve a distinguished valuation. Rather, each class is by condition that quantifies over all possible valuations on the field. In his thesis, Hong asked whether these equal (Hong, 2013, Question 5.6.8). this paper, we give an example negatively answers Hong's question. also explore ...

This production study investigates the interaction of prosody, word order and information structure with respect to whconstituents in Urdu. We contrasted immediately preverbal wh-constituents with immediately postverbal ones. The preverbal position is the default focus position in Urdu; the appearance of wh-constituents in the immediately postverbal position within the verbal complex is not wel...

Case An 84-year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent craniotomy and clipping with external decompression. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging showed subclinical sinking skin flap syndrome, and he underwent cranioplasty on postoperative day 58. No problems occurred during the operation, but cerebral edema and hemorrhage were recognized on immediate postoperative computed tomography. E...

Peter Singer has shown how the principle of utility, which enjoins us (roughly) to maximize to balance of nonmoral good over nonmoral evil, justifies 'humane' treatment of ani­­­ mals. 1 An excellent case against fac­­­ tory farming, blood sports, and cur­­­ rent methods of an imal laboratory experimentation has been made on utilitarian grounds. However, must a utilitarian be opposed to all exp...