TiO2 and especially its nano-metric structure have many applications for environmental proposes. It can be used in mobilized or immobilized status, but its consumption is less in immobilized form and its process would be economical. In addition, the environmental problems would be minimized. There are a few methods for immobilization of nano-TiO2 inside the process. The sol-gel method is typica...

Field spinal immobilization using a backboard and cervical collar has been standard practice for patients with suspected spine injury since the 1960s. The backboard has been a component of field spinal immobilization despite lack of efficacy evidence. While the backboard is a useful spinal protection tool during extrication, use of backboards is not without risk, as they have been shown to caus...

BACKGROUND Spine immobilization in trauma has remained an integral part of most emergency medical services (EMS) protocols despite a lack of evidence for efficacy and concern for associated complications, especially in penetrating trauma patients. We reviewed the published evidence on the topic of prehospital spine immobilization or spinal motion restriction in adult patients with penetrating t...

A comparative study on the effect of different immobilization methods and matrix materials on the performance of copper(II)-sensitive membrane layers is presented. The indicator dye Zincon was immobilized in hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers by various methods including: (a) physical entrapment of the Zincon-tetraoctylammonium ion pair in plasticized PVC, hydrogel, polystyrene, ethyl cellulo...

This study aimed to develop an optimal continuous process for lipase immobilization in a bed reactor in order to investigate the possibility of large-scale production. An extracellular lipase of Pseudozyma hubeiensis (strain HB85A) was immobilized by adsorption onto a polystyrene-divinylbenzene support. Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize enzyme immobilizati...

Rotator cuff tears are highly prevelant, afflicting approximately 20% of the population [1]. Rotator cuff tears often lead to atrophy of the injured muscle(s), which has been associated with poor functional outcomes [2]. Surgical repair is commonly performed, followed by a period of shoulder immobilization by means of an orthosis. The purpose of the immobilization is to protect the integrity of...