The increased demand for oil and gas places a burden on lands set aside for natural resource conservation. Oil and gas development alters the environment locally and on a much broader spatial scale depending on the intensity and extent of mineral resource extraction. The current increase in oil and gas exploration and production in the United States prompted an update of the number of pipelines...

during recent years oil products has decreased because of growing population and increasing demand to oil products and decreasing of crude oil extraction at compare to export. however, to achieve suitable levels of production, the use of improved technologies should be considered. another way to prevent the evaporation and leakage from oil storage tanks and their products are using of storage t...

physical and chemical properties of  crude oil, including viscosity and api gravity, are commonly inherited  from the  early organic matter, environmental conditions in which they were deposited and depth of burial of the source beds. api gravity increases in deeper burial due to higher thermal maturation of organic matter in the source rocks and consequently, generation of lighter saturated hy...

gravity drainage is one of the important recovery mechanisms in fractured carbonate and conventional reservoirs. it occurs due to density difference between the gas in fracture and the oil in matrix as well as in conventional tilted reservoirs. oil phase will form films which are produced under gravity forces (film flow). many gas injection experiments have been done on laboratory scales with d...

biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (20 g/kg dw soil) was investigated in 3 media, differing in the kind of petroleum fractions. in the laboratory experiments, during 5 months, the activities of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity of soil was determined. gas chromatographic analysis showed the biological decontaminations for gas oil, kerosene and synth...

A parallel reservoir simulator has been developed, which is designed for large-scale black oil simulations. It handles three phases, including water, oil and gas, and three components, including water, oil and gas. This simulator can calculate traditional reservoir models and naturally fractured models. Various well operations are supported, such as water flooding, gas flooding and polymer floo...