abstract the objective of this study is evaluation of government’s optimum combination of policy instruments on per capita consumption of bread and the share of this product in food cost of families in different income classes. the minimization of changes in dead weight loss function is used in this study. by using boot strop method and on base of normal distribution for supply elasticity and d...

The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of price hike on the living standard of middle income people. The researchers tried to identify the alternatives of middle class people in face of price hike or inflation. This descriptive analytical research is conducted by random probability sampling. The data were collected by a well designed questionnaire that was tested by experts in t...

Herein, we applied statistical physics to study incomes of three (low-, mediumand highincome) society classes instead of the two (lowand medium-income) classes studied so far. In the frame of the threshold nonlinear Langevin dynamics and its threshold Fokker–Planck counterpart, we derived a unified formula for description of income of all society classes, by way of example, of those of the Euro...

development is a dynamic and continuous phenomenon that is under the influence of various factors forming a complicated multidimensional system together. any impairment in these factors can lead to impaired development in children, which is one of the most common problems in children. therefore, this study provides a brief overview of these factors and the way they affect early childhood develo...

We study how the presence of middle class in sense Gevorgyan-Malykhin affects value income inequality measures including Gini coefficient J and Hoover index H. It is proved that (1) $J \leqslant \frac{1}{2}\frac{{L'\left( 0 \right)}}{2}$ (where L Lorenz function), (2) $H \frac{1}{2}$, (3) longest vertical distance between diagonal curve (which equal to H) attained at ${z_0} < \frac{3}{4}$ A ...