In multiagent planning, an agent sometimes needs to collaborate with others to construct complex plans, or to accomplish large organizational tasks which it cannot do alone. Since each agent in a group may have incorrect beliefs about the world and incomplete knowledge, and because agent's abilities differ, constructing a coordinated collaborative plan among agents is a difficult proposition. I...

The original formulation of SharedPlans [Grosz and Sidner, 1990] was developed to provide a model of collaborative planning in which it was not necessary for one agent to have intentions toward an act of a different agent. This formulation provided for two agents to coordinate their activities without introducing any notion of jointly held intentions (or, 'we-intentions'). However, it only trea...

the present study was conducted to compare the effect of individual and group pre-task planning on efl learners’ accuracy and complexity in speaking. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 intermediate female learners at the first grade of high school were chosen by means of a sample preliminary english test (pet) and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 30 students; the individual...

In this paper we describe the results of a study which compares explicit synchronous collaborative web search with searching the web individually when users are utilizing the web for the purpose of social planning tasks, in specific travel planning. We explore both co-located and distributed collaborative search within groups of two and three participants. The distributed collaborative search i...

background: family planning is a lifestyle that is selected voluntarily and is based on the knowledge, attitude and responsible decision making by couples in order to promote the health and welfare of the family and the advancement of the society. in this regard, family planning counseling plays an important role in making informed decisions if used properly and in a responsible way. detection ...

User-adaptive tour planning systems are tourist information systems that can make tour plans customized for individual users. Several systems have been already proposed, but such usability issues as frustrating preference/personality registration process and lack of sense of participation still remain. In this paper, we review these usability issues and discuss the following challenges for more...

Introduction: Collaborative testing is a learning strategy thatprovides students with the opportunity to learn and practicecollaboration. This study aimed to determine the effect ofcollaborative testing on test performance and retention of coursecontent in nursing students of Shiraz University of MedicalSciences, Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 84students ...

When different members of a work group develop their own individual plans, or sets of tasks to achieve desired goals, there may be conflicting and synergistic interactions among these plans. Conflicts may arise when one task negates the effect of another task, or two tasks compete for the same resource. Synergies may arise if the desired effects of some tasks are also accomplished by other task...