most often in the posterior of the mandible of patients who need implants, the inferior alveolar nerve (ian) is too high to insert the implants, and the surgeons have to reposition ian. in conventional techniques (to make the windows in the buccal aspect of the mandible) removal of the corticocancellous bone may cause weakness of the mandible. here we present a new technique in which the bone i...

purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...

leiomyomas are benign tumors of the soft tissue and may develop in any location where smooth muscle is present. leiomyoma in the inferior vena cava is a rarely seen pathology, and symplastic leiomyoma is also a rare histological variant of leiomyoma. in this case, we present a rare histological variant of symplastic leiomyoma in the inferior vena cava (ivc). this is the first radiologically rep...

non‑recurrent laryngeal nerve (nrln) is a rare anomaly which is reported in 0.3%‑0.8% of people on the right side and in 0.004% (extremely rare) on the left side. damage to this nerve during the surgical procedure may lead to severe iatrogenic morbidity and should therefore be prevented from being damaged. the best way to avoid this damage to the nerve is to identify the nerve with a systematic...

Background: The clinical presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) varies tremendously depending upon the type of lymphoma and the areas of involvement. NHL can rarely present as an abdominal mass compressing the inferior vena cava. The clinical presentation due to obstruction of inferior vena cava has often been called the inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS). It can present acutely or chronica...

blow out fracture is a common disease in oculoplastics clinics. one of indication for surgical intervention is entrapment of inferior rectus muscle in the fractured site. in this article authors represent two cases with this disease who underwent surgery for the entrapment of perimuscular fascia without inferior rectus muscle involvement. the results of treatment in both cases were excellent. t...

purpose: to determine the effect of recession and myectomy on inferior oblique overaction (iooa). method: this study was performed on 50 patients (82 eyes) scheduled for iooa surgery who were randomly divided into two groups: recession (r) versus myectomy (m). a complete eye examination was performed before the operation. io was cut off at its inferior temporal region when using m procedure. in...

background and aims. current infiltration techniques for achieving anesthesia in dental procedures are not applicable in posterior mandibular region because of its dense cortical bone. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a specific infiltration anesthesia in posterior mandibular teeth instead of inferior alveolar nerve block for restorative procedures. materials and methods. c...

this study was conducted to determine whether precordial st segment depression in admission electrocardiogram (ecg) in patients with acute phase inferior myocardial infarction (mi) eligible for thrombolytic therapy and subsequent angiographic evaluation, influences the incidence of left anterior descending artery (lad) disease. 31 consecutively admitted patients were entered in our study. 20 pa...