explanation relation between risk and return and capital asset pricing are concepts which is appointed as dominator and major paradigms in capital markets. so far as after offering capm by sharp & lintner, this model has been revised and criticized frequently. in this paper another version of capm has been tested versus traditional capm in tehran stock exchange. this version of capm measures se...

One of the most important methods of opacity accounting information by management is to accelerate the identification of good news versus delaying the identification of bad news on profits, but there is always a final level of accumulation of bad news in the company, and by reaching that its final level, these bad news will be released, which will lead to a Stock Price Crash Risk. In fact, stoc...

us 2008 financial crisis, spreaded out across the international stock markets in the second half of the year 2008. the crisis decreased the returns and increased the volatilities of almost all of the stock indices, however, its effects on iran’s stock markets were unexplored. financial limitations create an exclusive situation in iran’s stock market. using weekly data on the stock indices from ...

since public sector enterprises poor performance become evident, privatization as a means of improving such enterprises performance and curbing government interference in business activities has attracted much attention at national policy making levels. privatization is a complex and long term process the effect of which may appear over a long period of tome. there fore, considering it a limpid...

the purpose of this study is to assess the transaction cost of borrowing from non-governmental investment development funds which are established in less than a decade. transaction costs are considered as significant and limiting factors for micro-borrowers in using formal loans. the required data are provided by the investment developing support’s parent company using the stratified random sam...

This analysis extends H. Elizabeth Peters’ “Marriage and Divorce: Information Constraints and Private Contracting” (1986). Peters introduced two models of marital bargaining. We argue those models may be viewed as special cases of a single, threedimensional framework. The third dimension represents the transaction costs of intramarital exchange. The transaction-cost model illustrates that chang...

The purpose of this study was to an investigation of financing costs factors on the auditor's qualified report in companies listed in Tehran stock exchange. The criteria considered in this study were the audit firm size, auditor's specialization in the partner level, auditor's selection tenure and audit fees. For this purpose, five hypotheses were developed and data related to 85 companies of T...