objectives the aim of the present study was to assess and compare the efficiency of lidocaine 0.4% and 2% in reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain. background propofol is one of common anesthetic drugs used in anesthesia. the most common side effects of propofol are local pain. pretreatment with lidocaine can reduce propofol injection pain. patients and methods this was...

background: musculoskeletal pain is a major clinical problem, but researchers lack viable animal models to study this phenomenon. however, formalin injections are widely used to produce tonic and neurogenic nociceptive responses in rodents. rodents can present a potential animal model for pain. objectives: to develop a muscle pain model with intramuscular injection of formalin in rats. material...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

conclusions we conclude that intraperitoneal hydrocortisone instillation caused leukocytosis and is thus suggested not to be used in immune-compromised patients. results the study was completed by 120 patients. patients who received intraperitoneal hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone plus bupivacaine had higher white blood cell (wbc) count (p < 0.0001). the patients were similar with respect to d...

results first needle placement without imaging resulted in blood return in 1/199 participants and positive epidurography in 179/199 (90%). minimal needle repositioning resulted in a positive epidurogram in the remaining 19 attempts. no intravascular injection patterns were observed. conclusions this compares favorably to published success rates of fluoroscopically-guided technique and was well ...

conclusions obtained results demonstrate significant differences between intraneural and perineural injection pressures in the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. intraneural injection pressures show low specificity but high sensitivity suggesting that pressure monitoring might be a valuable tool in improving the safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve blockade in regional anesthesia. peripheral ...

backgroundthe absence of pain relief in infants can lead to harmful effects; so, this study aimed to investigate the effect of local heat on the pain of vitamin k injection in the infants.materials and methodsthis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 healthy infants. for the control group, 1 mg vitamin k was injected into the vastus lateralis muscle by a nurse. in the 3 intervention gr...

background: no extensive studies were done that included the use of pentoxifylline or verify its effect on the outcome of icsi in cases of mild and moderate asthenozoospermia. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline used in preparation of semen samples which doesn't need motility enhancement prior to icsi. materials and methods: the study was carried on 30 ...

introduction: ketamine is an agent used broadly for pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in emergency departments. it has been found to be safe and with a low risk of complications. as choosing between intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) injections is a matter of concern, we did comparison between two methods in terms of their efficacy and the rate of complications. methods: this sin...

background warts are benign tumors of the skin and mucosa and are caused by human papilloma virus (hpv). they are one of the most common skin diseases found mainly in children and adolescents. although most of the warts disappear spontaneously or respond to the usual therapeutic measures, resistant forms of the warts impose a problem in dermatology. intralesional injection of bleomycin has been...