The gut of a healthy adult harbours a myriad of different microbial species. It is estimated that approximately 10 14 are present in total bacterial colony forming units (CFU). Each colony colonizes a specific intestinal tract. In healthy adult, the main control of intestinal bacterial colonization occurs through gastric acidity but also other factors can influence the intestinal microenvironme...

Part 1 of this series focused on urinary organic acids as markers of detoxification; part 2 focuses on dysbiosis markers. Intestinal microbial growth is accompanied by the release of products of their metabolism that may be absorbed and excreted in urine. Several organic acids are known to be specific products of bacterial metabolic action on dietary polyphenols or unassimilated amino acids or ...

The human intestinal microbial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining health. A multitude of diseases including diarrhoea, gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) of neonates, and obesity are linked to microbial composition and metabolic activity. Therefore, research on possible dietary strategies influencing microbial composition and activity,...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is known that postnatal functional maturation of the small intestine is facilitated by microbial colonization of the gut. Preterm infants exhibit defects in gut maturation, weak innate immunity against intestinal infection and increased susceptibility to inflammatory disorders, all of which may be related to the inappropriate microbial colonization of their immature intes...

Probiotic supplements transform the intestinal microbial flora and enhancing gut and immune function. The intestinal microbial flora the gastrointestinal tract. These bacteria are integral to the protection of the body from infection, and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. The microbial flora with intestinal epithelial cells and immune tract, skin and uro-genital tract. The exercise highlig...

Abnormalities of the intestinal microbiota are implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two spectra of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the high complexity and low inter-individual overlap of intestinal microbial composition are formidable barriers to identifying microbial taxa representing this dysbiosis. These difficulties might be overcome...

Brandl K, Kumar V, Eckmann L. Gut-liver axis at the frontier of hostmicrobial interactions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 312: G413–G419, 2017. First published February 23, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00361.2016.—Liver and intestine are tightly linked through the venous system of the portal circulation. Consequently, the liver is the primary recipient of gut-derived products, most promine...

Background: Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) improve the survival of patients with cancer, but primary or acquired drug resistance is inevitable. Intestinal microorganisms play an important role in immunotherapy and antitumor response, antibiotic use can cause changes intestinal microbial abundance diversity. At present, effects exposure on anticancer activity remain controversial.

background: with the removal of antibiotic as growth promoters from poultry diets, it is of interest to investigate potential alternatives to maintain good growth performance and good intestinal microbial populations in these birds. numerous additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes and herbal extracts used extensively in poultry feed. objective: the study was conducted t...