The term ‘investor relations’ (IR) often refers only to the very formal and primarily anonymous relations and communication between publicly traded companies and their (potential) shareholders. Especially for young and not yet publicly traded companies (socalled start-ups), it can be shown that the individual contact to a very small and well-known group of investors (e.g., venture capital inves...

This paper demonstrates that investor irrationality can be contagious across markets. Studies addressing the pros and cons of opening derivatives markets have failed to pay sufficient attention to the roles of speculative activities. This paper investigates how trading activities that are unrelated to fundamentals affect the impact of derivatives on stock markets. By using unique data from the ...

Institutional investor is supposed to be more powerful than individual investor from the perspectives of regularity authority and scholar, but the results are mixed. Using the data of listed company in China, the paper presents a comparative study on the impacts of institutional investor and individual investor on investment risk. It shows that the scale and ownership of institutional investor ...

In this paper we examine the proposition that small investor sentiment, measured by the change in the discount/premium on closed-end funds, is an important factor in stock returns. We conduct an out-ofsample test of the investor sentiment hypothesis in a market environment that is more likely to be prone to investor sentiment than the U.S.. We fail to provide supporting evidence of the claim of...

in state-investor dispute, investor tends that umbrella clause transfers all contractual claims to treaty claims. by contracts, state follows narrow interpretation of this clause. up to ilc articles, establishing of responsibility of state for breach of contract requires tow preconditions. first state is merely responsible when state condoct has been of governmental nature and second is that br...

We revisit an investment experiment that compares the performance of an investor using Bayesian methods for determining portfolio weights with an investor that uses the Monte Carlo based resampling approach advocated in Michaud (1998). Markowitz and Usmen (2003) showed that the Michaud investor always won. However, in the original experiment, the Bayes investor was handicapped because the algor...

This study examines the relationship between investor demand for IPOs prior to offerings and aftermarket performance of IPO firms during the period from 1993 to 1997 in the Hong Kong stock market. The paper finds that the IPOs with high investor demand have large positive initial returns but negative longer-run excess returns, while the IPOs with low investor demand have negative initial return...

Failure to timely identify the occurrence of various shocks in the foreign exchange market due to the close relationship with the monetary, macroeconomic, and financial uncertainty can lead to crises and imbalances. In this paper, the effect of exchange rate and investor confidence on monetary and economic uncertainty in Iran is investigated, specifying a Multivariate GARCH model and the Grange...