introduction: knee osteoarthrosis is one of the most debilitating diseases. prolotherapy includes intraarticular injection of various drugs to decrease inflammation. injection of intradiscal o2-o3 has reduced pain and disability of patients with low back pain due to prolapsed lumbar disk. objective: to compare the effect of intraarticular injection of ozone and steroids in improvement of clinic...

Background: The maintenance of deformity in the ankle and hindfoot after correction of knee deformity following kneearthroplasty may cause abnormal tension in the knee and patient dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to determinethe effect of knee arthroplasty on the hindfoot alignment in patients with severe genu varum and valgum.Methods: A total of 84 patients with pri...

primary knee osteoarthritis (oa) is one of the degenerative diseases that destroy auricular cartilage within knee joint and cause pain, varies deformity, decrease knee function. total knee arthroplasty (tka) is an effective intervention in order to relieve pain, improve function and qol (quality of life) in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the knees that have different degrees of varus de...

background: knee osteoarthritis (oa) is the most common musculoskeletal disease among old individuals which affects ability for sitting on the chair, standing, walking and climbing stairs. our objective was to investigate the short and long-term effects of the most simple and the least expensive exercise protocols in combination to conventional conservative therapy for knee oa.   methods : it w...

Patellar tendon moment arm length (PTma) changes at different knee flexion angles have not been determined in invivo studies. We aimed to determine PTma in four different knee angles using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) topredict in vivo changes in the moment arm length from different knee angles during running.PTma was measured as the perpendicular distance from muscle–tend...

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation whereby the splenic tissue is found attached or surrounded by the testis, and presents in both continuous and discontinuous forms. Splenogonadal fusion may be misinterpreted as a primary malignant testicular or an adenomatoid tumor. Knowledge about the existence of such an entity is essential in order to preserve the testis during surgical ...

Major efforts are underway to develop fusion energy for use in electric power production in the furture. While fusion reactor concepts are being developed, appropriate attention must be given to problems relvant to the utility requirements which are likely to be encountered in the commercialization phase. In this paper the expected fusion plant availability is assessed in detail due to the impo...