Swedish has – like other Germanic languages – flexible stress placement, which underlies morphological rules and is also based on the individual word’s origin. The achievement of the correct usage when learning Swedish is challenging. As second language learners of Swedish in the classrooms present speakers of a variety of first languages (L1s), the opportunity has been taken to have a closer l...

This article is a methodological-substantive synergy. Methodologically, we demonstrate latent-variable contextual models that integrate structural equation models (with multiple indicators) and multilevel models. These models simultaneously control for and unconfound measurement error due to sampling of items at the individual (L1) and group (L2) levels and sampling error due the sampling of pe...

This correlational study examined the relationship among some English teachers’ characteristics and their students’ foreign language learning. Eighty-two Iranian high school teachers who taught completed a battery of questionnaires. The scores students on final exam were collected as indicators achievement. results revealed that there was positive between self-efficacy, classroom management ori...

Interest plays a key role in education and language learning. This study investigated if selecting and using interest-based instructional materials could impact learners' performance in L2 reading. It also examined whether there were meaningful differences between male and female learners' performance, concerning the use of interest-based materials. Sixty first-grade university students partici...

Contemporary research on the learning and teaching of second language (L2) pronunciation indicates that “applied phonetics” must be defined as something more than simply “phonetics applied.” Rather, pronunciation teaching has evolved into a separate field of inquiry with its own priorities and methodologies. Here I synthesize concepts and findings from adult L2 pronunciation research that can i...

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) plays an indispensable role in students’ second (L2) learning. This paper briefly reviewed the relevant research based on foreign classroom scale (FLCAS) terms of effects FLA L2 skill performance and debate The indicated that served as a confounding affective variable influencing achievement differently among individuals. Furthermore, from perspectives cognitive p...

Argument maps as schematic representations of arguments and their logical and evidential relationships are effective diagrams for instruction in education as well as in L2 development. However, their use for teaching L2 writing in EFL contexts has not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of argument mapping instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ writing achieveme...