Bilingual dictionary use in L2 writing test performance has recently been the subject of debate. Opinions differ according to how the trait is understood and whether the system favors the process-oriented or product-oriented views towards the assessment and writing skill. Given the need for more empirical support, this study is aimed at investigating the availability of bilingual dictionary use...

Ever since the introduction of the “independent grammars assumption,” whereby a child is said to have its own grammar and not just an imitation of adult language, first language (L1) acquisition researchers such as Martin Braine (1963) and others have constructed grammars for children’s languages rather than treat them as defective adult grammars. This is based on the view that language learner...

to enrich our understanding of the attitudinal/motivational basis of foreign language learning at junior high school level, this study investigated the students’ status of l2 motivation, the relationship between motivational factors, and the possibility of predicting their motivated learning behavior in light of dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) theory of l2 motivational self system. to this end, 1462 jun...

Idioms have long been regarded as problematic for L2 learners due to the arbitrariness of their meanings and forms. Traditional methods of teaching idioms focus on rote learning and memorization. Recent developments in cognitive linguistics research have considered idioms as analyzable expressions which are motivated by conceptual metaphors and whose meanings can derive from associations betwee...

This study adopts a multidialectal and multilingual translanguaging perspective to explore the relationship between beliefs actual linguistic practices concerning among L2 Arabic teachers in Islamic independent schools Sydney, NSW, Australia. To this end, draws on class observations individual interviews. The findings show clear mismatch teachers’ about use of English their employment it classr...

Mastery of speaking skills in a second language (L2) necessitates not only having the full command linguistic repertoire but also knowledge tactfulness target language. Being tactful communicator requires use strategies such as conversational gambits everyday speech. Gambits are usually multiple units which convey certain messages opening conversation or keeping it flow smoothly. Such semi-fixe...