I. Patulin 409 A. Introduction 409 B. Toxicity 410 C. Cellular Effects 412 D. Biosynthesis and Biochemical Effects 413 II. Penicillic Acid 414 A. Introduction 414 B. Chemical Properties 415 C. Analysis 416 D. Biochemistry 417 E. Biological Properties 417 F. Natural Occurrence 420 II I. Other Carcinogenic Lactones 420 A. Lactones as Alkylating Agents 420 B. Five-Membered Carcinogenic Lactones 42...

objective during the last three decades sesquiterpenoid lactones have emerged as one of the largest groups of plant products with over 3000 naturally occurring substances known. the genus artemisia characteristically contains this biologically active type of secondary metabolites. with respect to increasing interest in the cytotoxic, antibiotic, phototoxic and antineoplastic activities of sesqu...

Objective During the last three decades sesquiterpenoid lactones have emerged as one of the largest groups of plant products with over 3000 naturally occurring substances known. The genus Artemisia characteristically contains this biologically active type of secondary metabolites. With respect to increasing interest in the cytotoxic, antibiotic, phototoxic and antineoplastic activities of sesq...

This short review article covers some useful applications of alkynyltungsten compounds to the syntheses of complex lactones. Two types of cyclizations will be emphasized: (1) cycloalkenylation of tungsten-alkynol compounds with aldehydes to give α-alkylidene oxacarbeniums, further leading to α-alkylidene lactones and (2) intramolecular [3+2]-cycloaddition of epoxides to give bicyclic lactones. ...

Lactones of methyl 3-O-[(R)and (S)-1-carboxyethyl]-a-D-gluco-, galactoand manno-pyranoside were prepared by treatment of the sugar derivatives in acetic acid. The lactones were formed between the 1-carboxyethyl substituent and 2-OH or 4-OH in different proportions depending on the stereochemistry of the parent compounds. Relative formation rates in acetic acid-d4 and hydrolysis rates in buffere...

New alternative insecticides are necessary for the chemical control of head lice. In this study the fumigant knockdown time 50% (KT50) and repellency index (RI) of three aliphatic lactones was compared with two essential oils and DDVP, against permethrin-resistance Pediculus humanus capitis from Argentina. In the fumigant assay, none of the lactones were effective compared to the highest activi...

The various types of lactones have different durability and properties. The most stable among γ-lactones and δ-lactones, which are those containing respectively five or six carbon in the cyclic ring. The lowest durability can be attributed to α-lactones, due to the strong tension torsion and angle of bonds between the atoms forming the ring. Similar tension, to a lesser extent also observed in ...

The effects of several lactones were studied in a microsomal fraction of dog myocardium thought to be sarcoplasmic reticulum. The lactones increased the steady-state accumulation and turnover of calcium only in the presence of ATP, and augmented the calcium-stimulated ATPase activity. When the effective concentrations of the lactones were exceeded, there were no further alterations in calcium a...

R. G. Berger, K. Neuhäuser, and F. Drawert Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-8050 Freising 12, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 41c, 963—970 (1986); received July 21, 1986 Polyporus durus, Basidiomycetes, Flavor, Lactones, Triglyceride The neutral volatile constituents produced by shake flask cultured mycelium of Polyporus d...

Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active plant chemical that have been identified in the several plant families.The pharmacological properties of interest involving the sesquiterpene lactones are their antibacterial, antifungal and anti-plusmodial activities.Indeed, assessing the biological activities of the sesquiterpene lactones found in plants and th...