This study has two goals. The first is to use Markov Switching models to identify and analyze the cycles in the unemployment rate and four different types of property-related criminal activities in the US. The second is to apply the nonparametric concordance index of Harding and Pagan (2006) to determine the correlation between the cycles of unemployment rate and property crimes. Findings show ...

The past decade in the United States has been characterized by a widening in the distribution of wage income. While much research has attempted to uncover the causes of these earnings trends, much less is known about their impact upon social and economic factors. This study examines evidence for links between changes in distribution of wage income and criminal activity. Using extreme bounds ana...

Various forms of child maltreatment and child victimization declined as much as 40–70% from 1993 until 2004, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, sexual assault, homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and larceny. Other child welfare indicators also improved during the same period, including teen pregnancy, teen suicide, and children living in poverty. This article reviews a wide variety of ...

Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) act as primary nectar thieves in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade), piercing corollas laterally to imbibe nectar at basal nectaries. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L) learn to visit these perforations and thus become secondary nectar thieves. We tested the hypothesis that honey bees make this behavioral switch in response to an energetic advantage realized b...

Fraud is the unlawful acquisition of valuable assets gained via intended misrepresentation. It a crime committed by either an internal/external user, and associated with acts theft, embezzlement, larceny. The proliferation credit cards to aid financial inclusiveness has its usefulness alongside it attracting malicious attacks for gains. Attempts classify fraudulent card transactions have yielde...

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Fellow Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Critically ill patients who require intubation and mechanical ventilation are routinely monitored with arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis to measure oxygen tension (PaO2) as an indicator of adequate exchange. The partial pressure in ABG sample can be impacted by many factors including metabolically active cells such white or platelets ...

T he relationship between aging and criminal activity has been noted since the beginnings of criminology. For example, Adolphe Quetelet (1831/1984) found that the proportion of the population involved in crime tends to peak in adolescence or early adulthood and then decline with age. In contemporary times, the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) arrest data (1935–1997), particularly the Crime Inde...

The purpose of the study is to identify crimes perpetrated by young offenders in interior districts Sindh, including Shikarpur, Sukkur, Dadu, and Ghotki, as well investigate underlying causes criminal behavior. This qualitative was undertaken collecting FIRs from four using random sampling. sample consists 485 convicted male 2019 2020. found that youth are involved various such murder, rape, la...