4 Lyapunov Exponents 5 4.1 Definition and basic properties . . . . 6 4.2 Constraints on the Lyapunov exponents 7 4.3 Calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent method 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.4 Calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent method 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.4.1 Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.4.2 Continuous systems . . . . . . 8 4.5 Calculating the other Lyapunov exponents ....

The largest Lyapunov exponent has been researched as a metric of the balance ability during human quiet standing. However, the sensitivity and accuracy of this measurement method are not good enough for clinical use. The present research proposes a metric of the human body's standing balance ability based on the multivariate largest Lyapunov exponent which can quantify the human standing balanc...

The method of reconstruction for an n-dimensional system from observations is to form vectors of m consecutive observations, which for m > 2n, is generically an embedding. This is Takens’ result. Our analytical examples show that it is possible to obtain spurious Lyapunov exponents that are even larger than the largest Lyapunov exponent of the original system. Therefore, we present examples whe...

Various phonemes are considered in terms of nonlinear dynamics. Phase portraits of the signals in the embedded space, correlation dimension estimate and the largest Lyapunov exponent are analyzed. It is shown that the speech signals have comparatively small dimension and the positive largest Lyapunov exponent