During live cell imaging via atomic force microscopy (AFM), the interactions between the AFM probe and the membrane yield distorted cell images. In this work, an image correction method was developed based on the force-distance curve and the modified Hertzian model. The normal loading and lateral forces exerted on the cell membrane by the AFM tip were both accounted for during the scanning. Two...

This paper presents an analytical investigation on the peak lateral displacement demands of “hybrid” precast concrete panelized shear wall structures under seismic loading. The hybrid wall structure investigated uses a combination of mild [i.e., Grade 400 (U.S. Grade 60)] steel bars and highstrength unbonded post-tensioning (PT) strands for lateral resistance across horizontal joints. The analy...

Variation in equine hoof conformation between farriery interventions lacks research, despite associations with distal limb injuries. This study aimed to determine linear and angular hoof variations pre- and post-farriery within a four to six week shoeing/trimming interval. Seventeen hoof and distal limb measurements were drawn from lateral and anterior digital photographs from 26 horses pre- an...

Cartilage is responsive to the loading imposed during cyclic routine activities. However, the local relation between cartilage in terms of thickness distribution and biochemical composition and the local contact pressure during walking has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between cartilage thickness, proteoglycan and collagen concentration in the kn...

With dynamic loading like landing impact a distinction should be made between relatively short and long, quasistatic loading durations, and loadings the durations of which are in the order of the longest lateral period (lowest eigenfrequency) of the structure. A particular problem is to be expected under the later loadings where the interaction of loading dynamics with the dynamics of the buckl...

The in-plane deformation of atomic force microscope ~AFM! cantilevers under lateral loading is commonly assumed to have negligible effect in comparison to other deformation modes and ignored. In this article, we present a theoretical study of the behavior of cantilevers under lateral loading, and in so doing establish that in-plane deformation can strongly contribute to the total deformation, p...

Offshore anchor piles are seafloor moorings that keep the position of floating structures during a harsh environment. These piles are usually subjected to a wide range of monotonic and cyclic lateral-to-oblique pullout forces. Centrifuge tests were carried out to study the behavior of offshore anchor piles under mooring forces in saturated dense sand. The tests were carried out at different loa...