English. This paper describes an extended version of the KoKo corpus (version KoKo4, Dec 2015), a corpus of written German L1 learner texts from three different German-speaking regions in three different countries. The KoKo corpus is richly annotated with learner language features on different linguistic levels such as errors or other linguistic characteristics that are not deficit-oriented, an...

Competency is a topic of great interest to educators and administrators in practice disciplines, particularly health care disciplines such as nursing. This article focuses on the role of competency in nursing. Through a concept analysis process, various elements of competency were assessed. The defining attributes of competency are the application of skills in all domains for the practice role,...

Currently most of the Web-Based learning systems assess the learner’s knowledge in terms of the learner’s crisp responses to the tests that are taken during the learning process. However, several factors such as successful guesses or choosing a more probable answer lead to uncertainty about the evaluation process. To this end, this paper investigates the use of a novel method based on the Intui...

Prior to 2016, motorcycle licensing in Victoria, Australia, required off-road (range) skills testing only, focusing on vehicle-handling skills. The objective of this research was to develop an education and assessment curriculum commensurate with best practice that included on-road components and increased focus on awareness, judgment, and decision-making skills. No single best-practice curricu...

the purpose of this research was to analyze efl writing tasks in two of the most popular english for speakers of other languages (esol) exam preparation courses in iran, namely ielts and toefl. having collected the criteria of writing task appropriateness in light of the process-oriented approach to writing instruction, we asked 60 learner participants to rate efl writing tasks in 3 ielts and 3...

Reading skill is a fundamental requirement to lifelong learner success, yet the way teachers assess their student’s reading comprehension ability is challenging. One of the new trends in reading skill instruction is portfolio assessment. This study investigated the effects of portfolio assessment on EFL learner’s reading comprehension ability. The participants, 50 advanced (female) EFL learners...

recent interaction studies havefocused on the relationship between interactional feedback and l2 development.despite the large body of knowledge in this regard, few studies have examinedlearners’ preferences for interactional feedback. besides, different findingshave been reported concerning learners’ preferences for feedback and none hasexamined the factors accounting for the variation in the ...

We propose a flexible architecture that is capable of function extension for a learner-adaptive self-learning environment. We have introduced the concept of a “courseware object”, which is a program module that is used to implement various educational functionalities, and, thus, the proposed architecture allows incremental function extensions while maintaining the existing functionalities. To i...

Game-based learning or serious games is becoming an important trend in the e-learning research area and seems address several typical elearning problems such as high dropout rates, due to the lack of motivation to continue studying. In serious games, it is very hard to define and mix the learning situations with the game characteristics, and to integrate an assessment and guidance process of th...