background and objectives: in continuous medical learning programs, selection of appropriate learning methods is important for streaming individuals by learning process. the goal of this study is to compare in-presence learning method with distance learning method and explore their effect on the knowledge of health workers (practical nurses) in terms of reduced expenses.   methods: the study is...

Entitlement is a concept that has been underutilized as a tool for explaining consumer behaviour. This paper proposes a framework for an expanded consumer entitlement concept. In the context of a materialistic consumer society, social comparisons and locus of control are proposed as determinants of one's sense of entitlement, which in turn differentially affect such behaviours as items purchase...

Abundant accumulation of digital histopathological images has led to the increased demand for their analysis, such as computer-aided diagnosis using machine learning techniques. However, digital pathological images and related tasks have some issues to be considered. In this mini-review, we introduce the application of digital pathological image analysis using machine learning algorithms, addre...

In this paper, we describe our work-in-progress for developing Collaborative Discovering Tool (CoDi tool) that is meant for enhancing knowledge building discourse in the Future Learning Environment 2 (Fle2) system. Knowledge building discourse in the Fle2 type of systems usually leads to gradual accumulation of notes. We have found that users experience difficulties to get an overall picture of...

Let z be the available data which are assumed to have been generated as one random observation from model Mz = {p(z |ω),z ∈ Z,ω ∈ Ω}. Often, but not always, data will consist of a random sample z = {x1, . . . ,xn} from some distribution q(x |ω), with x ∈ X ; in this case p(z |ω) = Qn i=1 q(xi |ω) and Z = X . Let θ(ω) be the vector of interest. Without loss of generality, the model may explicitl...

Estimation of returns over time, the focus of temporal difference (TD) algorithms, imposes particular constraints on good function approximators or representations. Appropriate generalisation between states is determined by how similar their successors are, and representations should follow suit. This paper shows howTDmachinery can be used to learn such representations, and illustrates, using a...

Elections with sequential voting, such as presidential primaries, are widely thought to feature social learning and momentum effects, where the choices of early voters influence the behavior of later voters. Momentum may take time to build, and can depend on how candidates perform in each stage relative to expectations. This paper develops a rational theory of behavior in sequential elections t...

Executive Summary The volume of research on learning and instruction is enormous. Yet progress in improving educational outcomes has been slow at best. Many learning science results have not been translated into general practice and it appears that most that have been fielded have not yielded significant results in randomized control trials. Addressing the chasm between learning science and edu...

Estimation of returns over time, the focus of temporal difference (TD) algorithms, imposes particular constraints on good function approximators or representations. Appropriate generalization between states is determined by how similar their successors are, and representations should follow suit. This paper shows how TD machinery can be used to learn such representations, and illustrates, using...