fifty-nine samples of washed and unwashed leaves of 4 species of plants in tehran and 24 similar samples of the suburb (as control) were analyzed for pb content. a significant difference was seen between pb contents of washed and unwashed urban samples, while no significant difference was observed between the control samples. the mean pb contents of the urban suburb samples were also significan...

this study documents the flavonoid constituents of seven salvia species in iran namely s.atropatana bunge, s. limbata c. a. mey, s. sclarea l., s. ceratophylla l., s. multicaulis vahl.,s. hydrangea dc. ex benth., and s. eremophila boiss. the studied species were collected fromtheir natural habitats in iran and were analyzed for their flavonoid constituents using twodimensionalthin layer chromat...

background: industrial development has caused the release of various pollutants including heavy metals into the environment. these toxic compounds are extremely dangerous to living beings and the environment due to their non-biodegradability, severe toxicity, carcinogenicity, the ability to be accumulated in nature and the ability to contaminate groundwater and surface water. the aim of the pre...

the dried aerial parts of scutellaria lateriflora l. (family labiatae), have been used for many years as a domestic remedy for epilepsy, hysteria, and nervous tension states. although several phytochemical investigations have been made regarding the constituents present in this species (i. e. flavonoids, iridoids), none has been recorded concerning the cuticular wax. using thin-layer chromatogr...

background & aim: achillea millefolium is one of the most valuable medicinal and industrial species, which is available in the iran pastures, and it belongs to the asteraceae family. this plant wild grows in plains, roadsides and mountain areas. therapeutically, it has been a healer of wounds, and due to having tannins and bitter and aromatic substances, it has an effect on the nervous syst...

the effluents of tannery industries are the major source of chromium contamination in thegroundwater. in most of the sub-urban areas ground water is the major source of drinking water. for humanbeing long term exposure to chromium is detrimental. the main objective of this study is to assess thegroundwater contamination and to adopt appropriate methods and to develop suitable techniques either ...

Living systems, whether organs or entire organisms, display various forms of morphological invariance. Why? These phenomena are studied here from the Proto-Cognitive perspective, according to which evolution proceeds by processing information about the environment. The evolution of constancy, uniformity and symmetry is studied in detail. The study later focuses on the invariances of the plant's...

We consider the arguments of Berkeley against the thinkability of realism. We show that in fact Berkeley’s assumptions do not merely lead to the conclusion that realism is unthinkable, but that in fact Berkeley’s argument implies that idealism is also unthinkable, and leaves only a weak version of solipsism remains as a thinkable ontological position. From this, we argue that it is not possible...

We prove some general results about the relation between the 1-cocycles of an arbitrary Lie algebroid A over M and the leaves of the Lie algebroid foliation on M associated with A. Using these results, we show that a E1(M)-Dirac structure L induces on every leaf F of its characteristic foliation a E1(F )-Dirac structure LF , which comes from a precontact structure or from a locally conformal pr...