How do we measure the ”size” of a set in IR? Let’s start with the simplest ones: intervals. Obviously, the natural candidate for a measure of an interval is its length, which is used frequently in differentiation and integration. For any bounded interval I (open, closed, half-open) with endpoints a and b (a ≤ b), the length of I is defined by `(I) = b − a. Of course, the length of any unbounded...