Drawing on data from 1973-2014 (93rd-113th Congresses), we develop a new method for measuring the legislative effectiveness of members of the United States Senate that builds upon Volden and Wiseman’s analysis of legislative effectiveness in the U.S. House. We compare the construction and analysis of our Senate Legislative Effectiveness Scores (LES) to those of the U. S. House over the same 40-...

the puppose of this research is identification of the impact of organizational culture factors and organizational structure factors on whistle-blowing. we used mixed method. at first stage, we used qualitative method; so, we used delphi technic and finally, by reaching consensus comments, we found 21 items with 0/441 coefficient of agreement. then, in the second stage, we use quantitative appro...

This Essay explores the emerging literature on the negotiation of structural constitutional governance, to which Professor Aziz Huq has made an important contribution in The Negotiated Structural Constitution.1 In the piece, Professor Huq reviews the negotiation of constitutional entitlements and challenges the conventional wisdom about the limits of political bargaining as a means of allocatin...

agricultural sustainability refers to the ability of a farm to produce food indefinitely, without causing irreversible damage to ecosystem health. the main objective of this study was to formulate a structural model to analyze the effects of ecological, social, and economic factors on sustainable agricultural development in qazvin province of iran. to achieve this aim, a structural model with 4...

today, many organizations plan to implement and exploit erp system due to its numerous benefits. despite these advantages, many adopting organizations have failed to achieve their intended goals through utilizing erp system. among other factors, organizational characteristics have been proposed as one of the effective factors which can influence erp success in both implementation and post-imple...

Building pounding occurs between two adjacent buildings with small gap or without sufficient separation distance. It leads to damage buildings during earthquake due to impact. Many researchers have investigated building pounding based on impact force reduction and energy dissipation increase, when two buildings collide with each other. In numerical investigations, using specific link element, i...

the prophetic action and behavior as a part of tradition is regarded as a kind of evidence and legal plea. explanation of the concept and nature of the prophet’s (s.a.w.) action and the two sects’ analysis of this rational reasoning in the process of inference of legal ruling has an important status in islamic jurisprudence. given the existing views, there are two general approaches to the prop...